Unified Software Development Process
Overview
The Unified Process is not simply a process, but rather an extensible framework which should be customized for specific organizations or projects. The Rational Unified Process is, similarly, a customizable framework. As a result it is often impossible to say whether a refinement of the process was derived from UP or from RUP, and so the names tend to be used interchangeably.
The name Unified Process as opposed to Rational Unified Process is generally used to describe the generic process, including those elements which are common to most refinements. The Unified Process name is also used to avoid potential issues of copyright infringement since Rational Unified Process and RUP are trademarks of IBM. The first book to describe the process was titled The Unified Software Development Process (ISBN 0-201-57169-2) and published in 1999 by Ivar Jacobson, Grady Booch and James Rumbaugh. Since then various authors unaffiliated with Rational Software have published books and articles using the name Unified Process, whereas authors affiliated with Rational Software have favored the name Rational Unified Process.
Refinements and Variations
Refinements of the Unified Process vary from each other in how they categorize the project disciplines or workflows. The Rational Unified Process defines nine disciplines: Business Modeling, Requirements, Analysis and Design, Implementation, Test, Deployment, Configuration and Change Management, Project Management, and Environment. The Enterprise Unified Process extends RUP through the addition of eight "enterprise" disciplines. Agile refinements of UP such as OpenUP/Basic and the Agile Unified Process simplify RUP by reducing the number of disciplines.
Refinements also vary in the emphasis placed on different project artifacts. Agile refinements streamline RUP by simplifying workflows and reducing the number of expected artifacts.
Refinements also vary in their specification of what happens after the Transition phase. In the Rational Unified Process the Transition phase is typically followed by a new Inception phase. In the Enterprise Unified Process the Transition phase is followed by a Production phase.
The number of Unified Process refinements and variations is countless. Organizations utilizing the Unified Process invariably incorporate their own modifications and extensions. The following is a list of some of the better known refinements and variations.
- Agile Unified Process (AUP), a lightweight variation developed by Scott W. Ambler
- Basic Unified Process (BUP), a lightweight variation developed by IBM and a precursor to OpenUP
- Enterprise Unified Process (EUP), an extension of the Rational Unified Process
- Essential Unified Process (EssUP), a lightweight variation developed by Ivar Jacobson
- Open Unified Process (OpenUP), the Eclipse Process Framework software development process
- Rational Unified Process (RUP), the IBM / Rational Software development process
- Oracle Unified Method (OUM), the Oracle development and implementation process
- Rational Unified Process-System Engineering (RUP-SE), a version of RUP tailored by Rational Software for System Engineering
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